Pluperfect Tense

A verb is in the pluperfect tense if it was completed prior to another. Usually the auxiliary verb "had" signifies a pluperfect verb.

To form this tense, take your 3^rd principle part, cut off the –i, and add the endings (= imperfect of sum, esse, fui, futurus)

For example: capio, capere, cepi, captus – to seize, to take

	Singular	translation	Plural	translation
1^st	Ceperam	I had seized	Ceperamus	We had seized
2^nd	Ceperas	You had seized	Ceperatis	You had seized
3rd	ceperat	He,she,it had seized	ceperant	They had seized

Usage of the Pluperfect:

•   Correct:
• Before I went to my first class, I had already purchased my books.
• I had not yet seen her at that time.
•   Incorrect:
•   I had purchased the books.
•   I had not seen her.

The examples of incorrect pluperfect usage are fragments.  To express a previously completed action with the pluperfect, a sentence requires a temporal reference point

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect It is used to say that something will happen in the future, but before the time of the main sentence. It is most often used in the construction "When something has occurred, I will have done something."

To form this tense, take the 3^rd principle part, cut off the –i and add your endings (=future of sum, esse, fui, futurus)

For example: capio, capere, cepi, captus – to seize, to take

	Singular	translation	Plural	translation
1^st	Cepero	I will have seized	Ceperimus	We will have seized
2^nd	Ceperis	You will have seized	Ceperitis	You will have seized
3rd	ceperit	He,she,it will have seized	ceperint	They will have seized